- #Dictionaries with pronunciation how to#
- #Dictionaries with pronunciation full#
the provisional model is checked against recordings of speakers of the general variety and is reviewed by another phonetician. commonalities are identified across subvarieties along with areas of greatest difference if appropriate, the extremes on a continuum may both be adopted, priority given to more populous subvarieties, or priority assigned based on the proportion of OED entries from a given subvariety. where multiple subvarieties are to be covered by a single model, the process above is repeated for each subvariety. the variety’s prosodic patterns are reviewed, to assist with the allocation of primary and/or secondary stress. 
a list of common key words is cross-referenced to establish the primary vowel qualities and contrasts used in the variety, again with any contextual restrictions. the sources are used to compile an inventory of consonant sounds used in the variety, along with any contextual restrictions. a phonetician compiles and prioritizes a range of reputable sources, including notes from specialist consultants. the intended variety is defined in broad terms, determining the scope of the model. The process of devising an OED model for each variety broadly follows these steps: This principle applies across models no particular dialect is promoted over another, the models simply reflect the key features typically heard in the pronunciations of such speakers. It would be impractical to have separate models for each of these within the OED, so rather than single out one as a ‘standard’, the model reflects some of the commonalities across forms of English spoken in the Caribbean. The Caribbean, for example, spans more than 25 nations and territories, each with their particular dialectal features. In more homogenous populations, the creation of a model is fairly straightforward (discussed in the next section), but many of the populations covered by the term ‘educated urban speakers’ are increasingly diverse, geographically, ethnically, and culturally, and this in turn increases the linguistic diversity. The pronunciation of such speakers across the varieties will be largely intelligible to each other, excepting particular groups of words where sound contrasts are made in one variety and not in another. As a baseline, the models created for the OED are intended to reflect the speech of educated urban speakers of standard English. pronunciations, all pronunciations given in the OED are based on carefully-devised ‘models’ of the variety in question. Whose pronunciations are these?Īs with the British and U.S. 
Wells’ Accents of English (CUP 1982, three volumes).įurther varieties are always under consideration. In particular, variety-specific dictionaries, knowledgeable native speakers, and online evidence of natural language use continue to be used in researching new pronunciations for inclusion in the OED.įor a numbers of the models, a key source of pronunciation information (if not the original starting point) is J.C.
#Dictionaries with pronunciation full#
These are in no way full and comprehensive reference lists many individuals, websites, articles and books have been consulted and the range of sources is growing as review continues. The major sources used in the development of the model are listed. In the model pages above, you will find a discussion of the rationale for each model, along with potential discrepancies and compromises. We continue to make good progress in addressing this but the work continues.” Pronunciation models and keys Australian English This activity was prevented by Covid restrictions for a long time, which has left us with gaps in the audio coverage for our World English pronunciations. “We create our audio with freelance actor-phoneticians in our Oxford recording studio.
#Dictionaries with pronunciation how to#
Home How to use the OED Pronunciations Pronunciations for World Englishes Pronunciations for World Englishes Note from Catherine Sangster, Head of Pronunciations, January 2023
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